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Event Timeline

1931
March Scottsboro Boys (Rosa Macauley early activist with Raymond Parks to free Scottsboro Boys

1932
Married Raymond Parks Dec. 18, 1932

1934
Received High School Diploma

1949
Montgomery Branch NAACP Advisor to the Youth Council

1955
Summer Attends Workshop at Highlander Folk School in Monteagle, Tenn. The first time she had ever been in an integrated learning environment.

1955
August Meets Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

1955
Rosa Parks Arrested Dec. 1, 1955

1955
Stands Trial, Found Guilty Montgomery Bus Boycott begins

1956
Rosa Parks Fair Dept. Store at Montgomery loses her job

1956
Segregation on Montgomery Buses declared Unconstitutional United States Supreme Court Nov. 13, 1956

1956
Boycotters Dec. 21, 1956 Return to Buses

1957
Rosa Parks moves to Detroit transfers Church membership from St. Paul AME in Montgomery to St. Mathew AME in Detroit

1957
Left Detroit a month later to work at Virginia University in Hampton

1959
Returned to Detroit

1961
Helped friend open sewing factory on the west-side of Detroit

1963
Attends March on Washington Speaks at SCLC annual convention

1964
Becomes Deaconess in the AME Church in Detroit

1965
Participates in Selma to Montgomery March, 1965

1965
Rosa Parks begins working for Congressman John Conyers 1st District of Michigan in Detroit

1977
Husband Raymond Parks dies

1977
Only sibling Sylvester Macauley dies

1979
Rosa Parks receives NAACP's Spingarn Medal

1979
Rosa Parks mother, Leona Macauley dies

1987
Rosa Parks co-founds the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development with long time friend Elaine Eason Steele

1988
Retires from Congressman Conyers Detroit office

1989
First Pathways to Freedom ride

1989
Bust of Rosa Parks unveiled at the Smithsonian

1990
Rosa Parks has received numerous awards and honorary degrees including:

1994
The ROSA PARKS PEACE PRIZE in Stockholm, Sweden

1996
Rosa Parks takes her last complete Pathways to Freedom ride with students

1996
Rosa Parks receives the Medal of Freedom from the 42nd President William J. Clinton

1997
Pubic Act no. 28 of 1997 designated the first Monday following February 4th as Rosa Parks Day in the State of Michigan

1998
Groundbreaking ceremony at her arrest site in Montgomery, Alabama for The Rosa Parks Museum and Library April 21, 1998

1998
Opens The Rosa L. Parks Learning Center Sept. 2, 1998

1998
Takes Pathways to Freedom ride to Nova Scotia and receives an honorary degree from Mt. Saint Vincent University

1998
Inducted into the International Women's Forum Hall of Fame

1999
State of the Union Message January, 1999 bipartisan standing ovation

1999
H.R. Bill 573 on Feb. 4, 1999 passed Congress making Mrs. Parks the 250th person to receive The Congressional Gold Medal of Honor

1999
Meets with the Pope in St. Louis -Reads statement to the Pope asking for racial healing.

1999
Appeared in May 2, 1999 episode of Touched By An Angel

2000
Opening of Rosa Parks Museum and Library at Troy State University Montgomery, Dec. 1, On the site where she was arrested Dec. 1.

2000
Audience with the Queen of Swaziland and her 2 children-Sept. 2000

2001
Filming of "The Rosa Parks Story" CBS Television Movie - April 30 -May 23.

2002
Showing of: "The Rosa Parks Story" CBS Television Movie February 24

2003
October 29, 2003 International Institute Heritage Hall of Fame Award

2004
Mrs. Parks 91st Birthday Celebration - Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History

2005
Mrs. Parks 92nd Birthday Celebration-Calvary Baptist Church 1st Cardinal Dearden Peace Award "Dear Mrs. Parks," composed by "Classical Roots Series" Hannibal Lokumbe, for the DSO

2005
Rosa Parks made her peaceful transition October 24

Rosa Louise Parks Biography

Rosa Louise Parks was nationally recognized as the "mother of the modern day civil rights movement" in America. Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white male passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama bus, December 1, 1955, triggered a wave of protest December 5, 1955 that reverberated throughout the United States. Her quiet courageous act changed America, its view of black people and redirected the course of history.

Mrs. Parks was born Rosa Louise McCauley, February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. She was the first child of James and Leona Edwards McCauley. Her brother, Sylvester McCauley, now deceased, was born August 20, 1915. Later, the family moved to Pine Level, Alabama where Rosa was reared and educated in the rural school. When she completed her education in Pine Level at age eleven, her mother, Leona, enrolled her in Montgomery Industrial School for Girls (Miss White's School for Girls), a private institution. After finishing Miss White's School, she went on to Alabama State Teacher's College High School. She, however, was unable to graduate with her class, because of the illness of her grandmother Rose Edwards and later her death.

As Rosa Parks prepared to return to Alabama State Teacher's College, her mother also became ill, therefore, she continued to take care of their home and care for her mother while her brother, Sylvester, worked outside of the home. She received her high school diploma in 1934, after her marriage to Raymond Parks, December 18, 1932. Raymond, now deceased was born in Wedowee, Alabama, Randolph County, February 12, 1903, received little formal education due to racial segregation. He was a self-educated person with the assistance of his mother, Geri Parks. His immaculate dress and his thorough knowledge of domestic affairs and current events made most think he was college educated. He supported and encouraged Rosa's desire to complete her formal education.

Mr. Parks was an early activist in the effort to free the "Scottsboro Boys," a celebrated case in the 1930's. Together, Raymond and Rosa worked in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP's) programs. He was an active member and she served as secretary and later youth leader of the local branch. At the time of her arrest, she was preparing for a major youth conference.

After the arrest of Rosa Parks, black people of Montgomery and sympathizers of other races organized and promoted a boycott of the city bus line that lasted 381 days. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was appointed the spokesperson for the Bus Boycott and taught nonviolence to all participants. Contingent with the protest in Montgomery, others took shape throughout the south and the country. They took form as sit-ins, eat-ins, swim-ins, and similar causes. Thousands of courageous people joined the "protest" to demand equal rights for all people.

Mrs. Parks moved to Detroit, Michigan in 1957. In 1964 she became a deaconess in the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME).

Congressman John Conyers First Congressional District of Michigan employed Mrs. Parks, from 1965 to 1988. In February, 1987, she co-founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development with Ms. Elaine Eason Steele in honor of her husband, Raymond (1903-1977). The purpose is to motivate and direct youth not targeted by other programs to achieve their highest potential. Rosa Parks sees the energy of young people as a real force for change. It is among her most treasured themes of human priorities as she speaks to young people of all ages at schools, colleges, and national organizations around the world.

The Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development's "Pathways to Freedom program, traces the underground railroad into the civil rights movement and beyond. Youth, ages 11 through 17, meet and talk with Mrs. Parks and other national leaders as they participate in educational and historical research throughout the world. They journey primarily by bus as "freedom riders" did in the 1960's,the theme: "Where have we been? Where are we going?"

As a role model for youth she was stimulated by their enthusiasm to learn as much about her life as possible. A modest person, she always encourages them to research the lives of other contributors to world peace. The Institute and The Rosa Parks Legacy are her legacies to people of good will.

Mrs. Parks received more than forty-three honorary doctorate degrees, including one from SOKA UNIVERSITY, Tokyo Japan, hundreds of plaques, certificates, citations, awards and keys to many cities. Among them are the NAACP's Spingarn Medal, the UAW's Social Justice Award, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Non - Violent Peace Prize and the ROSA PARKS PEACE PRIZE in 1994, Stockholm Sweden, to name a few. In September 1996 President William J. Clinton, the forty second President of the United States of America gave Mrs. Parks the MEDAL OF FREEDOM, the highest award given to a civilian citizen.

Published Act no.28 of 1997 designated the first Monday following February 4, as Mrs Rosa Parks' Day in the state of Michigan, her home state. She is the first living person to be honored with a holiday.

She was voted by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most Influential people of the 20th century. A Museum and Library is being built in her honor, in Montgomery, AL and will open in the fall of the year 2000 (ground breaking April 21, 1998). On September 2, 1998 The Rosa L. Parks Learning Center was dedicated at Botsford Commons, a senior community in Michigan. Through the use of computer technology, youth will mentor seniors on the use of computers. (Mrs. Parks was a member of the first graduating class on November 24, 1998). On September 26, 1998 Mrs. Parks was the recipient of the first International Freedom Conductor's Award by the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio.

She attended her first "State of the Union Address" in January 1999. Mrs. Parks received a unanimous bipartisan standing ovation when President William Jefferson Clinton acknowledged her. Representative Julia Carson of Indianapolis, Indiana introduced H. R. Bill 573 on February 4, 1999, which would award Mrs. Rosa Parks the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor if it passed the House of Representatives and the Senate by a majority. The bill was passed unanimously in the Senate on April 19, and with one descenting vote in the House of Representatives on April 20. President Clinton signed it into law on May 3, 1999. Mrs. Parks was one of only 250 individuals at the time, including the American Red Cross to receive this honor. President George Washington was the first to receive the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor. President Nelson Mandela is also listed among the select few of world leaders who have received the medal.

In the winter of 2000 Mrs. Parks met Pope John in St. Louis, MO and read a statement to him asking for racial healing. She received the NAACP Image Award for Best Supporting Actress in the Television series, TOUCHED BY AN ANGEL, "Black like Monica". Troy State University at Montgomery opened The Rosa Parks Library and Museum on the site where Mrs. Parks was arrested December 1, 1955. It opened on the 45th Anniversary of her arrest and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

"The Rosa Parks Story" was filmed in Montgomery, Alabama May 2001, an aired February 24, 2002 on the CBS television network. Mrs. Parks continues to receive numerous awards including the very first Lifetime Achievement Award ever given by The Institute for Research on Women & Gender, Stanford University. She received the Gandhi, King, Ikeda award for peace and on October 29, 2003 Mrs. Parks was an International Institute Heritage Hall of fame honoree. On February 4, 2004 Mrs. Parks 91st birthday was celebrated at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History. On December 21, 2004 the 49th Anniversary of the Mrs. Parks' arrest was commemorated with a Civil Rights and Hip-Hop Forum at the Franklin Settlement in Detroit, Michigan.

On February 4, 2005 Mrs. Parks' 92nd birthday was celebrate at Calvary Baptist Church in Detroit, MI. Students from the Detroit Public Schools did "Willing to be Arrested," a reenactment of Mrs. Parks arrest. February 6, 2005 Mrs. Parks received the first annual Cardinal Dearden Peace Award at Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Detroit, MI. February 19 - 20, composer Hannibal Lokumbe premiered an original symphony "Dear Mrs. Parks." Mr. Lokumbe did this original work as part of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra's " Classical Roots Series." The beginning of many events that will commemorate the 50th Anniversary of Mrs. Parks' arrest December 1, 1955.

Mrs. Parks has written four books, Rosa Parks: My Story: by Rosa Parks with Jim Haskins, Quiet Strength by Rosa Parks with Gregory J. Reed, Dear Mrs. Parks: A Dialogue With Today's Youth by Rosa Parks with Gregory J, Reed, this book received the NAACP's Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work, (Children's) in 1996 and her latest book, I AM ROSA PARKS by Rosa Parks with Jim Haskins, for preschoolers.

A quiet exemplification of courage, dignity, and determination; Rosa Parks was a symbol to all to remain free. Rosa Parks made her peaceful transition October 24, 2005.

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